#PSYCHOLOGY GERMAN WORDS IN ENGLISH HOW TO#

The increasing standardization of scientific terminology in psychiatry has thus been taken account of.

All the terms and vocabulary from the field of psychiatry have been reviewed and brought up to date by the inclusion of the terminology used in DSM-IV and ICD-10, as well as numerous other entries from this evolving area. The explanation of this phenomenon-also known as persistence of vision and experienced when viewing motion pictures-provided strong support for Gestalt principles.The second edition of this dictionary has been fully revised and updated and substantially expanded by the addition of further entries. In 1912 Wertheimer discovered the phi phenomenon, an optical illusion in which stationary objects shown in rapid succession, transcending the threshold at which they can be perceived separately, appear to move. The earliest Gestalt work concerned perception, with particular emphasis on visual perceptual organization as explained by the phenomenon of illusion. (By the mid-1930s all had become professors in the United States.) Together, these three formed the core of the Gestalt school for the next few decades. In it Wertheimer reported the result of a study on apparent movement conducted in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, with psychologists Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka.

The publication of Czech-born psychologist Max Wertheimer’s “Experimentelle Studien über das Sehen von Bewegung” (“Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement”) in 1912 marks the founding of the Gestalt school. Gestalt psychology further sought to encompass the qualities of form, meaning, and value that prevailing psychologists had either ignored or presumed to fall outside the boundaries of science.

Gestalt psychology was in part an attempt to add a humanistic dimension to what was considered a sterile approach to the scientific study of mental life. This method, with a tradition going back to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, involves nothing more than the description of direct psychological experience, with no restrictions on what is permissible in the description. Gestalt studies made use instead of phenomenology. Gestalt theory originated in Austria and Germany as a reaction against the associationist and structural schools’ atomistic orientation (an approach which fragmented experience into distinct and unrelated elements). “Form” and “shape” are the usual translations in psychology the word is often interpreted as “pattern” or “configuration.” The word Gestalt is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been “placed,” or “put together.” There is no exact equivalent in English. That is, the attributes of the whole are not deducible from analysis of the parts in isolation. Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. Gestalt psychology, school of psychology founded in the 20th century that provided the foundation for the modern study of perception.

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#PSYCHOLOGY GERMAN WORDS IN ENGLISH HOW TO#

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Psychology german words in english